Introduction
An Overview of TSPO
Translocator protein (TSPO) used to be called the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). In 1977, Braestrup et al. accidentally discovered and confirmed the TSPO when they used rat peripheral tissue as a negative control of the central nervous system (CNS) in radioligand binding experiments. In 2005, Papadopoulos et al. proposed to name the first subunit in PBR, the isoquinoline binding site inhibitor, as TSPO. TSPO is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein encoded by nuclear DNA. TSPO contains 169 amino acids and 5 transmembrane helices and is a hydrophobic 1.8×103 protein composed of 5 isoquinoline binding proteins. The gene encoding TSPO is located in the q13.31 region of the long arm of chromosome 22 of the human genome. In the periphery, TSPO is widely distributed and mainly distributed in the adrenal gland, which is closely related to neurosteroid synthesis, and is also highly expressed in organs such as lung, bone marrow and kidney. TSPO mediates a variety of mitochondria-related functions, including steroid synthesis, apoptosis, and immune responses.
Translocator protein (TSPO) used to be called the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR). In 1977, Braestrup et al. accidentally discovered and confirmed the TSPO when they used rat peripheral tissue as a negative control of the central nervous system (CNS) in radioligand binding experiments. In 2005, Papadopoulos et al. proposed to name the first subunit in PBR, the isoquinoline binding site inhibitor, as TSPO. TSPO is a ubiquitous and highly conserved protein encoded by nuclear DNA. TSPO contains 169 amino acids and 5 transmembrane helices and is a hydrophobic 1.8×103 protein composed of 5 isoquinoline binding proteins. The gene encoding TSPO is located in the q13.31 region of the long arm of chromosome 22 of the human genome. In the periphery, TSPO is widely distributed and mainly distributed in the adrenal gland, which is closely related to neurosteroid synthesis, and is also highly expressed in organs such as lung, bone marrow and kidney. TSPO mediates a variety of mitochondria-related functions, including steroid synthesis, apoptosis, and immune responses.
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