Introduction
An overview of autophagy
Just as cells must manufacture necessary components for proper function, so must they break down damaged or unnecessary organelles and other cellular constituents. In order to maintain this balance, the cells employ two primary degradative pathways. The first is the proteasome, which is responsible for the breakdown of most short-lived proteins. The second is autophagy, a process induced by nutrient limitation and cellular stress, which governs the degradation of the majority of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates and whole organelles. It enables cells to survive stress from the external environment, such as nutrient deprivation, as well as internal stresses like accumulation of damaged organelles and pathogen invasion.
Just as cells must manufacture necessary components for proper function, so must they break down damaged or unnecessary organelles and other cellular constituents. In order to maintain this balance, the cells employ two primary degradative pathways. The first is the proteasome, which is responsible for the breakdown of most short-lived proteins. The second is autophagy, a process induced by nutrient limitation and cellular stress, which governs the degradation of the majority of long-lived proteins, protein aggregates and whole organelles. It enables cells to survive stress from the external environment, such as nutrient deprivation, as well as internal stresses like accumulation of damaged organelles and pathogen invasion.
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United States
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